Week 2-2 / Introduction to Sociology / Sociological methods


1.    Summary
The sociologist sees the world contrary to non-sociologist and asks the question why the event occurs. They analyze the alternative to prevent the problem from occurring before the problem occurs. People can gain much knowledge by authority, experience, logic, tradition, revelation and science etc. However, the most important thing thatthe sociologist thinks is the science. The sociologist analyzes the society by using the quantitative research method and the qualitative research method. The quantitative research method is empirical research method that is interested in predicting the result based on the knowledge of related value and the relation of values. This method uses the deductive reasoning that develops the hypothesis early on and tests it by empirical data after. On the other hand, the qualitative research method sets its sights on understanding the culture and the phenomena itself. It isn’t the development of the theory. The qualitative sociologist often uses the inductive inference and takes time to observe the phenomena under study repeatedly. The scientific methods go through a course that is Characterization, Hypothesis, Prediction and Testing.It is important elements that measure the value systematically and carefully and divide the quality by category.

The hypothesis contains the explanation about the subject. The quantitative research explains the cause generally and proposes the relevance between two variables. In case the hypothesis is causal explanation, the hypothesis includes the more than one subordination variables and one independent variable. There are clear guidelines on the development of new hypothesis. The experiment is one of the methodsmost recognized. The experiment can provide information about the effect of experimental process by maintaining the record of the process in detail. The process of the research has the steps of defining the topic, conducting a review of the literature, developing the hypothesis, designing the research, selecting the research method, deciding the variables, identifying the population, drawing the sample, collecting the data, analyzing the result of the data and reporting the results. The understanding about the relevance among variables is important element in the quantitative research. It is important that don’t confuse the correlation and cause-and-effect relationship of variables. For this, we have the considerations. First, the variables have to be related each other. Second, the change of independent variable takes precedence over the change of dependent variable. Third, we have to show that other variable doesn’t cause the change of interested variables.The correlation meets the only one condition. On the other hand, the cause-and-effect relationship of variables has to meet every condition.The qualitative sociologist can form the context of pattern observed by using the observation and analysis method in natural environment. This research is accepted in case of being understood in former scientific beliefs and assumptions. Simply, the useful observation of the qualitative research may be unique event that can’t be reenacted.Like this, there are several differences between the quantitative research and the qualitative research. Many sociologists can derive benefits when they combine two research methods. They are complementary method.

The researchers have to follow the several ethical considerations whatever the research method. They must ensure the anonymity and safety for research participants. Also, they have to receive the agreement of the teenager participants’ parent. There are several considerations for the good research. From this, the sociologists try to draw the profitable information.

2.    interesting
It helps me to organize the system of the quantitative research and the qualitative research. I want to do activity that I apply the proper research method on the each research subject. Despite it, Ilearn that the effect can be more than one and the cause has to be one when I develop the hypothesis.

3.    Discussion
Why do the sociologists develop the hypothesis in qualitative research that sets its sights on understanding the culture and the phenomena. What is the mean of potential assumption in the text? (Reference: text- In qualitative work, hypotheses generally involve potential assumptions built into existing causal statements, which may be examined in a natural setting.)
Despite it, please clarify the advantages and limits of objective, critical and subjective method
In addition, why is it important in our life that we understand people as social beings (Reference: text-While it is important to recognize the limitations of sociology, sociology's contributions to our understanding of society have been significant and continue to provide useful theories and tools for understanding humans as social beings.)


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