week 10-1 Social Structure
Social structure is a term widely used in sociology, but there are few clear definitions that the earliest use should be in the early 20th century when Chinese social science was formed.
"In the present Chinese social science, this vague concept is still widely used, and in broad terms it can refer to the various structural aspects of the economy, politics, and society"In the narrow sense, in sociology, the social stratum structure is mainly referred to.
"In the sociological context of Europe and America, social structures are often used at a more abstract level, used to refer to the external environment, independent of the active individual and restricted to the individual."is often used in opposition to "active".In a sense, this antagonism is analogous to that of "social vs. individual."
social structure
Social Construction
To be more durable or stable among the components or elements of a social system.in Hong Kong.The concept of contrasting with the social structure and social system is a social collection that reflects the lack of association among elements.
Marxist sociological views on the structure of society are broad and general.Two narrow definitions: The broad social structure refers to the general state of interconnectedness in all the basic areas of society, including the political, economic, cultural and field, and to the overall social system.Static generalizations of basic characteristics and essential attributes are relative to social processes.In all the basic fields of social activities, the socio-economic structure has decisive influence on the social, political and cultural structure, etc.It is the economic foundation of society and has the function of combining other social fields into one organic whole.The rest is the superstructure built on an economic basis, including political and legal systems and various ideologies.The various parts of the superstructure field have relative independence and stability, and have active reaction to the social economy, which directly or indirectly influences the social and economic structure.
A narrow social structure means the major social divisions produced by social differentiation.the basic state of interrelation between groups of status.Groups of this type of status are mainly class, class, ethnicity, professional group, religious group, etc.In class society class structure is to understand the status and status of other groupsThe basis and class relationship of the role determine the direction of development of the whole society and the various social groups.
The view on the structure of society in the west.The main schools of study are microstructivism, macrostructivism and structuralism.
Social structure is one of the central concepts of structural functionalism.Structural functionalism regards society as a system of interactions among actors, and advocates the study of the system from two perspectives: static and process.a static angle, i.e. an analysis of the structure of a social system; a process angle, i.e. a fraction.Analyse the functions of the social system.They believe that the most basic unit of analysis of social structure is the position and role of the actors.They see social structure as a stable relationship between different positions and roles.Actors who take on roles and engage in interaction identify with a common system of values, which is a prerequisite for the establishment and maintenance of a social structure.The social structure is essentially an abstract normative model that restricts the interaction of certain types of roles.In this sense, the social structure is equal to the value.Structural functionalism uses the functional requirements that the social system must satisfy for its survival as the basis for determining structural elements.Those specific parts that meet the requirements of a function are considered functional sub-systems of that social system.The social system survives on the basis of the interdependence and interdependence of several functional sub-systems.On this basis, structural functionalism has developed the view on the hierarchical nature of social structure, while the sub-body is the sub-As the system grows to a certain size, its interior is divided into lower-level sub-systems that are different from each other and independent of each other according to the same functional requirements.The basic task of structural functional analysis is to identify the basic functional requirements of the social system and to explain how the social structure, consisting of relationships between sub-systems, meets these functional requirements.Structural functionalism due to overstrengthConsistency in adjusting value is greatly exaggerated, and the conflict between social structures is criticized.
The understanding, synthesis, and manifestation of social structure.Some points of the methodology of elephantology and folklore give great attention to the formation of the social structure, the microinteraction process.It opposes the view of structural functionalism on the mode of cultural coordination that restricts and constrain individual choicePoints, such as normality, value systems, role expectations, etc., emphasize the dynamic process in which individuals build social relationships in the process of interaction.According to microstructuralism, social structure is not the basis of social equilibrium, it does not have a constant and real nature, it does not have a decisive influence on the social process.On the contrary, social structures are fluid and abstract in nature, they are variables influenced by the actors involved in interaction and specific interaction scenarios, and are cognitive tools established by the actors to grasp the interaction scenarios based on previous experience.From this standpoint, microstructurism is committed to revealing the subjective understanding of the interaction scenario by the actors and the implications of this understanding for further interaction.This school often uses concepts such as personal resources (experience, knowledge, individuality, emotion) and their differences, context definitions, choices, interactive ceremonies, communication, etc. to explain the formation of social structures and the process of change.Density, communication networks, symbols, meanings, and so on.
Macrostructuralism inherited the theoretical tradition of early sociology.It is mainly the theoretical view of, and of, Dilkheim and others.In terms of conceptual understanding, it opposes the way structural functionalism defines social structure by social culture, and argues that social structure is objective and independent.Culture category; at the same time, it does not advocate explaining the social structure concept at the micro level of interpersonal interaction, as in microstructivism.The theoretical goal of macro-structivism is to explain the basic factors that determine the macro-structure of society, define the state of the macro-structure of society, and explain the influence of social macro-structure on the basic social process, such as the interaction between groups, and social conflict.Macrostructurism defines the social structure by the distribution status of social members in the space of macroscopic social status. The concepts commonly used in this state include population size, its differentiation, heterogeneity and inequality between social status, the degree of association between groups, intercommunication rate, social integration, social integration, etc.
Structuralism in anthropology represents a difference from the above sociological structure.another tendency in the analysis.Structuralism holds that the structure of social relations is the surface appearance or reproduction of deep ideological structures.Therefore, the task of structural analysis is not to establish the various structural elements of society and to explain the phase between them.Interrelation is based on the biochemistry of the human brain, which isThis view, which has the tendency of reducing theory and mysticism, has been criticized by many people.
"In the present Chinese social science, this vague concept is still widely used, and in broad terms it can refer to the various structural aspects of the economy, politics, and society"In the narrow sense, in sociology, the social stratum structure is mainly referred to.
"In the sociological context of Europe and America, social structures are often used at a more abstract level, used to refer to the external environment, independent of the active individual and restricted to the individual."is often used in opposition to "active".In a sense, this antagonism is analogous to that of "social vs. individual."
social structure
Social Construction
To be more durable or stable among the components or elements of a social system.in Hong Kong.The concept of contrasting with the social structure and social system is a social collection that reflects the lack of association among elements.
Marxist sociological views on the structure of society are broad and general.Two narrow definitions: The broad social structure refers to the general state of interconnectedness in all the basic areas of society, including the political, economic, cultural and field, and to the overall social system.Static generalizations of basic characteristics and essential attributes are relative to social processes.In all the basic fields of social activities, the socio-economic structure has decisive influence on the social, political and cultural structure, etc.It is the economic foundation of society and has the function of combining other social fields into one organic whole.The rest is the superstructure built on an economic basis, including political and legal systems and various ideologies.The various parts of the superstructure field have relative independence and stability, and have active reaction to the social economy, which directly or indirectly influences the social and economic structure.
A narrow social structure means the major social divisions produced by social differentiation.the basic state of interrelation between groups of status.Groups of this type of status are mainly class, class, ethnicity, professional group, religious group, etc.In class society class structure is to understand the status and status of other groupsThe basis and class relationship of the role determine the direction of development of the whole society and the various social groups.
The view on the structure of society in the west.The main schools of study are microstructivism, macrostructivism and structuralism.
Social structure is one of the central concepts of structural functionalism.Structural functionalism regards society as a system of interactions among actors, and advocates the study of the system from two perspectives: static and process.a static angle, i.e. an analysis of the structure of a social system; a process angle, i.e. a fraction.Analyse the functions of the social system.They believe that the most basic unit of analysis of social structure is the position and role of the actors.They see social structure as a stable relationship between different positions and roles.Actors who take on roles and engage in interaction identify with a common system of values, which is a prerequisite for the establishment and maintenance of a social structure.The social structure is essentially an abstract normative model that restricts the interaction of certain types of roles.In this sense, the social structure is equal to the value.Structural functionalism uses the functional requirements that the social system must satisfy for its survival as the basis for determining structural elements.Those specific parts that meet the requirements of a function are considered functional sub-systems of that social system.The social system survives on the basis of the interdependence and interdependence of several functional sub-systems.On this basis, structural functionalism has developed the view on the hierarchical nature of social structure, while the sub-body is the sub-As the system grows to a certain size, its interior is divided into lower-level sub-systems that are different from each other and independent of each other according to the same functional requirements.The basic task of structural functional analysis is to identify the basic functional requirements of the social system and to explain how the social structure, consisting of relationships between sub-systems, meets these functional requirements.Structural functionalism due to overstrengthConsistency in adjusting value is greatly exaggerated, and the conflict between social structures is criticized.
The understanding, synthesis, and manifestation of social structure.Some points of the methodology of elephantology and folklore give great attention to the formation of the social structure, the microinteraction process.It opposes the view of structural functionalism on the mode of cultural coordination that restricts and constrain individual choicePoints, such as normality, value systems, role expectations, etc., emphasize the dynamic process in which individuals build social relationships in the process of interaction.According to microstructuralism, social structure is not the basis of social equilibrium, it does not have a constant and real nature, it does not have a decisive influence on the social process.On the contrary, social structures are fluid and abstract in nature, they are variables influenced by the actors involved in interaction and specific interaction scenarios, and are cognitive tools established by the actors to grasp the interaction scenarios based on previous experience.From this standpoint, microstructurism is committed to revealing the subjective understanding of the interaction scenario by the actors and the implications of this understanding for further interaction.This school often uses concepts such as personal resources (experience, knowledge, individuality, emotion) and their differences, context definitions, choices, interactive ceremonies, communication, etc. to explain the formation of social structures and the process of change.Density, communication networks, symbols, meanings, and so on.
Macrostructuralism inherited the theoretical tradition of early sociology.It is mainly the theoretical view of, and of, Dilkheim and others.In terms of conceptual understanding, it opposes the way structural functionalism defines social structure by social culture, and argues that social structure is objective and independent.Culture category; at the same time, it does not advocate explaining the social structure concept at the micro level of interpersonal interaction, as in microstructivism.The theoretical goal of macro-structivism is to explain the basic factors that determine the macro-structure of society, define the state of the macro-structure of society, and explain the influence of social macro-structure on the basic social process, such as the interaction between groups, and social conflict.Macrostructurism defines the social structure by the distribution status of social members in the space of macroscopic social status. The concepts commonly used in this state include population size, its differentiation, heterogeneity and inequality between social status, the degree of association between groups, intercommunication rate, social integration, social integration, etc.
Structuralism in anthropology represents a difference from the above sociological structure.another tendency in the analysis.Structuralism holds that the structure of social relations is the surface appearance or reproduction of deep ideological structures.Therefore, the task of structural analysis is not to establish the various structural elements of society and to explain the phase between them.Interrelation is based on the biochemistry of the human brain, which isThis view, which has the tendency of reducing theory and mysticism, has been criticized by many people.
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